肿瘤生物样本库的发展现状及探讨

生物样本包含丰富的遗传、疾病特征和治疗效果等信息，且具有不可再生性，规范保存和使用生物样本已成为肿瘤诊治与研究领域最宝贵的资源之一，本文通过对国内外生物样本库发展现状的概述，提出建设我国肿瘤生物样本库的思考。     

2015年重庆市肿瘤登记地区宫颈癌疾病负担分析

目的:了解2015年重庆市宫颈癌发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年。方法:收集整理2015年重庆市11个肿瘤登记点报告的宫颈癌发病死亡病例（ICD-10编码为C53）。统计分析宫颈癌发病率、死亡率、标化发病率、标化死亡率、发病和死亡截缩率、发病或死亡累积危险度、早死所致的寿命损失年、残疾所致寿命损失年、伤残调整寿命年等指标。城市与农村宫颈癌发病率与死亡率的比较采用χ2检验。 结果:2015年重庆市肿瘤登记地区共报告宫颈癌新发病例916例，宫颈癌粗发病率为18.29/105，标化发病率为14.26/105，标化发病率农村（15.60/105）高于城市（12.32/105），差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。2015年共报告宫颈癌死亡病例283例，粗死亡率为5.65/105，标化死亡率为3.98/105。2015年重庆市宫颈癌截缩发病率为32.60/105，截缩死亡率为8.32/105，发病率与死亡率累积危险度分别为1.41%与0.49%。宫颈癌导致的DALYs、YLDs 和YLLs分别是6.76千人年、5.00千人年与1.76千人年。结论:重庆市宫颈癌发病率与死亡率高于全国平均水平，疾病负担重，疾病负担农村高于城市。     

Comparison of survival between adolescent and young adult vs older patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUNDDue to the special clinical features and biologic characteristics of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers, AYA cancers are different from cancers in children and elderly individuals. However, there are few reports on AYA hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).AIMTo investigate the overall survival (OS) of AYA (15-39 years) and elderly (40-74 years) patients with HCC.METHODSThe data of all the HCC cases were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015 and were then divided into two groups based on age: AYA group (15-39 years) and older group (40-74 years). Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to compare the OS of the two groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to analyze the OS difference between the two groups. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to perform multivariate analysis to explore the risk factors for OS of HCC patients.RESULTSCompared to elderly cancer patients, AYA patients with HCC had a worse Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results stage, including the distant stage (22.1% vs 15.4%, P < 0.001), and a more advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, including AJCC III and IV (49.2% vs 38.3%, P < 0.001), and were more likely to receive surgery (64.5% vs 47.5%, P < 0.001). Before PSM, the AYA group had a longer survival in months (median: 20.00, interquartile range [IQR]: 5.00-62.50) than the older group (median: 15.00, IQR: 4.00-40.00) (P < 0.001). After PSM, the AYA group still had a longer survival in months (median: 21.00, IQR: 5.00-64.50) than the older group (median: 18.00, IQR: 6.00-53.00) (P < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that advanced age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.405, 95%CI: 1.218-1.621, P < 0.001) was a risk factor for OS of HCC patients. In the subgroup analysis, the Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that in AJCC I/II HCC patients, advanced age (HR = 1.749, 95%CI: 1.352-2.263, P < 0.001) was a risk factor for OS, while it was not a risk factor in AJCC III/IV HCC patients (HR = 1.186, 95%CI: 0.997-1.410, P = 0.054) before PSM. After PSM, advanced age (HR = 1.891, 95%CI: 1.356-2.637, P < 0.001) was still a risk factor for OS in AJCC I/II HCC patients, but was not a risk factor for OS in AJCC III/IV HCC patients (HR = 1.192, 95%CI: 0.934-1.521, P = 0.157) after PSM.CONCLUSIONAYA patients with HCC have different clinical characteristics from older adults. In different AJCC stages, the two groups of patients have different OS: In AJCC I/II HCC patients, advanced age is a risk factor for OS, but it is not a risk factor for OS in the AJCC III/IV HCC patient group.     

Glutathione S-transferase Polymorphisms in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy

Background/Aim: The Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Polymorphisms involved in these enzymes can modulate the development and treatment of head and neck cancer. To investigate the association of GSTs polymorphisms with head and neck cancer and risk factors, clinical-pathological features, and survival time of the patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Methods: The GST gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 197 cases and 514 controls by PCR-RFLP-Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Results: The GSTP-313 was associated with a decreased risk for HNSCC (p=0.050). The GSTP1 haplotype analysis revealed a higher frequency of the AC and AT haplotypes in the case group than in the control group (p=0.013 and p=0.019, respectively), and the opposite for G-C haplotype (p = 0.015). Yet, the different combinations between the genotypes were associated with an increased risk of cancer. The study showed no association between the polymorphisms and primary tumor site, clinical-pathological characteristics, treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) and survival time of the patients. Conclusion: The GST polymorphisms combination showed an increased risk for carcinogenesis, and studies with larger casuistry can contribute to the clarification of the role in individual patient differences for the response to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and identify biomarkers of susceptibility.     

综合护理干预在血液透析患者中的应用效果分析

目的探讨综合护理干预在血液透析患者中的应用效果。方法选取2015年1月—2018年12月在医院进行血液透析的106例患者随机分为观察组(53例)和对照组(53例),对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用综合护理,对比两组效果。结果经护理两组SAS、SDS得分及生活质量各维度得分均得到显著改善,且观察组护理后SAS及SDS得分显著低于对照组,生活质量各维度得分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论综合护理干预应用于血液透析患者中可显著降低患者焦虑、抑郁情况,减少并发症发生,提高患者生活质量。     

朱生樑辨治难治性胃食管反流病经验撷英

介绍朱生樑教授辨治难治性胃食管反流病的经验。认为难治性胃食管反流病的辨证难点在于涉及多个脏腑,病程中又易形成内生之邪,相似证候、性质不同的病机常复合存在。提出立足主要矛盾、明辨脏腑自身及相似脏腑病机变化的特点、厘清虚实权重的辨证思路,在脏腑辨证结合气血津液辨证的基础上立法处方。并附验案2则。     

经方治疗水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染探讨

介绍运用经方辨治水痘和带状疱疹的异同。认为两者均为水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染引起的常见皮肤病。治疗水痘应以祛邪为主,辨证以六经中的太阳、阳明、少阳三阳经为重点,可运用石膏类方等;而对于带状疱疹,应重视扶正,辨证宜兼顾六经、衡量虚实,可予柴胡类方等。     

从“湿疫”论治新型冠状病毒肺炎的思考

本文基于中医经典文献及临床实践思考,立足于"湿疫"理论阐释新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称"新冠肺炎")的病因、病机、传变规律及治疗方药。认为新冠肺炎乃湿毒疫邪所致,其病机特点为内外病邪相引,合而致病;本病除遵循卫、气、营、血传变规律外,同时也表现出三焦传变的过程。同时,通过归纳梳理相关中医经典著作中关于湿疫的证治方药,为新冠肺炎的中医诊治提供临床思路。     

章庆云治疗脾胃病经验浅探

介绍章庆云先生治疗脾胃病的学术思想及用药经验。临床辨治脾胃病以气血同调、宣化分利、肝胃同治、清肝利胆、降胃平肝为特色,并举验案1则。     

桑根酮C对博莱霉素诱导小鼠肺纤维化改善作用及机制研究

目的观察桑根酮C对博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组,即假手术组、模型组和桑根酮C(100、50 mg/kg)组,每组20只。假手术组小鼠气管内注射生理盐水,模型组小鼠气管内注射博莱霉素诱导肺纤维化模型。术后第4天开始给药,连续给药28d后检测小鼠呼吸功能;检测肺内羟脯氨酸含量;HE染色观察肺内炎症表现;Masson染色观察肺内胶原活性;免疫组化法检测肺内转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)蛋白表达量;免疫蛋白印迹法检测肺内α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、核转录因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)、磷酸化的核转录因子-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)、Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原表达量。结果与模型组比较,桑根酮C能够改善经博莱霉素诱导形成肺纤维化后小鼠的呼吸功能,能够明显降低肺内羟脯氨酸含量,明显减轻肺内炎症和胶原沉积,肺内TGF-β1、α-SMA、NF-κBp65、p-NF-κBp65、Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达量明显降低。结论桑根酮C能够明显改善博莱霉素诱导小鼠肺纤维化,改善呼吸功能,其机制可能与抑制TGF-β1过表达和降低炎症转录因子NF-κB及磷酸化表达有关。